Optimization-based framework for low-voltage grid reinforcement assessment under various levels of flexibility and coordination

The rapid electrification of residential heating and mobility sectors is expected to drive the existing distribution grid assets beyond their planned operating conditions This change will also reveal new potentials through sector coupling, flexibilities, local exchange decentralized generation. paper thus presents an optimization framework for multi-modal energy systems at low voltage (LV) level. In this, we focus on reinforcement requirements techno-economic assessment flexibility components coordination between agents. By employing a multi-level approach, computational complexity reduced, various levels flexibilities are implemented. We conclude work with case study representative rural in Germany, which observe high economic potential flexible operation buildings, majorly thanks better integration photovoltaics. Across all paradigms barring best-case benchmark, based mix passive active measures was necessary. A synergy effect observed coordination, as combination reduces peaks extent completely avoiding reinforcement. presented can be applied wide range component types outline broad landscape future LV grids.